With WordPress 3.5 (latest version) you actually don't need any plugins specifically to get up and running.
It's more stuff like "google analytics" and plugins that might make something easier for you in the long run - but nothing is required to start.
Mostly what people added in fresh installs was to get a good set of image / gallery tools in place but the built in stuff is good enough now.
Theme wise it's really up to personal preference - no point in recommending a theme because even the default can be tweaked to give a professional looking website that only someone in the business would look at and go "oh, that's a wordpress website".
Just have a search around and try out what looks interesting