Speaking in literal english, you can easily add powers of 10 (1, 10, 100, 1000 etc.) to make that question work. But I the way the question is asked is stupid, as it's very plausible to make the assumption that the change of distance must be linear, or follow some mathematically based increase in velocity, rather than being completely random.
I know this is being iamverysmart but this does remind me of being admonished by teachers at school for overthinking things, when to my mind things were mislead/dumbed down.
It's also really stupid just putting months in the column on the left, without a constant time step it makes things even more intangibly and pointless. And in fact you could put any numbers you like in there that aren't negative, because any positive rational number can (I think) be expressed as a power of 10.
That isn't very plausible though nor is it particularly smart - it doesn't even work - the shuttle is already >500,000km away yet you think it is constantly accelerating in a straight line whereby it only covers 130,000km over the course of 4 months? How many months did it take to get to the position where the question started? Escape velocity from earth is circa 40,000km per hour btw... not to mention constant acceleration would require a lot of fuel.
Much more plausible that it is drifting along for a bit then whacks on the thrusters for a bit to move position. Even though shuttle missions tend to last days not months...
You can't put any numbers you like in there either, you can only put in powers of 10 as that is what the question asks. Note the question is number 6, probably from a series of questions where the 9-10 year olds have been asked to add/subtract powers of 10 so in context the additional assumptions likely make even less sense, we did see on the snippet posted that it was for "year 5".
The kids just need to notice that the **7,453 doesn't change and so they can see they just need to add 10^4 and/or 10^5.
The posters exclaiming that they never have to add 10,000 or 100,000 in adult life are being a bit silly and everyone else would probably have not been throwing in/made up additional assumptions if they'd seen whatever other questions are contained on the sheet as I'd suspect they're ether adding/subtracting powers of 10 or doing something similar and at around that level.
Forums would die if there weren't posters ready to argue over the most trivial of stuff. Being a pedant/having some attention to detail pays off in the real world though/helps prevent stupid mistakes that cost businesses $$$$.