31 credible instances of impersonation fraud from 2000 to 2014, out of more than 1 billion ballots cast
The project found 10 cases of voter impersonation fraud nationwide from 2000-2012
A review of the
2016 election found four documented cases of voter fraud.
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2016 working paper concluded that the upper limit on double voting in the 2012 election was 0.02%. The paper noted that the incident rate was likely much lower, given audits conducted by the researchers showed that “many, if not all, of these apparent double votes could be a result of measurement error.
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2014 paper concluded that “the likely percent of non-citizen voters in recent US elections is 0.
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2014 study that examined impersonation fraud both at the polls and by mail ballot found zero instances in the jurisdictions studied.
While writing a
2012 book, a researcher went back 30 years to try to find an example of voter impersonation fraud determining the outcome of an election, but was unable to find even one
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2012 study exhaustively pulled records from every state for all alleged election fraud, and found the overall fraud rate to be “infinitesimal” and impersonation fraud by voters at the polls to be the rarest fraud of all: only 10 cases alleged in 12 years.
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2012 assessment of Georgia’s 2006 election found “no evidence that election fraud was committed under the auspices of deceased registrants
2009 analysis examined 12 states
and found that fraud by voters was “very rare,” and also concluded that many of the cases that garnered media attention were ultimately unsubstantiated upon further review